How to Cut a Mat for a Picture Frame: A Step-by-Step Guide

Framing a piece of artwork or a photograph isn't just about protecting it—it's also about how you present it. One of the key components of a professional-looking frame is the mat, a border that surrounds your artwork inside the frame. The mat adds depth, directs focus to the image and creates a more polished and gallery-style appearance. Beyond aesthetics, it also plays a protective role by creating space between the artwork and the glass, which helps prevent moisture damage and deterioration over time.

If you're someone who enjoys DIY projects or simply wants to elevate the presentation of your art or photographs, learning how to cut your own mat is a valuable skill. It allows you to customize the color, size and layout to suit your style and the decor of your space. With the right tools, a steady hand and a bit of patience, you can cut a mat that transforms your artwork into a beautifully framed piece.

Gather Your Materials

Before beginning, make sure you have all the necessary materials and tools at hand. Having everything ready will save you time and prevent interruptions during the process.

Mat Board

The mat board is the primary material for this project. It comes in various colors and thicknesses but for most projects, a standard 4-ply board works best. Choose acid-free mat board to protect your artwork from yellowing or fading over time. When selecting a color, consider how it complements your artwork. Neutral tones such as white, cream or black are versatile and suit most images but colored mats can create a dramatic or personalized effect.

Picture Frame

It’s important to have the frame on hand before cutting the mat. The outer dimensions of the mat must match the inner dimensions of the frame. This ensures a snug fit and prevents the mat from shifting inside the frame.

Cutting Tools

You’ll need a mat cutter, which could be a handheld version or a guided rail system. A straightedge ruler helps guide your cuts and a utility knife or X-Acto knife can help trim the outer edges. A self-healing cutting mat protects your work surface and helps with accurate cuts.

Measuring Tools

Use a T-square or metal ruler for straight lines, a measuring tape for accurate dimensions, and a sharp pencil for light markings. Accuracy is key, so don’t skip this step.

Tape

Use acid-free photo or framer’s tape to attach the artwork to the mat. Regular tape may become brittle or damage your artwork over time.

Measure and Plan Your Layout

Step 1: Measure the Frame

Start by measuring the inside of the picture frame to determine the size of the mat board. While frames are often labeled with dimensions like 8x10 or 11x14, it’s best to measure yourself to ensure precision. Cut the mat board to match these measurements.

Step 2: Measure the Artwork

Next, measure your image. Decide how much of it you want to show through the mat window. A good rule of thumb is to let the mat overlap the image by about 1/4 inch on all sides to hold it in place without showing any gaps.

Step 3: Mark the Opening

Flip the mat board over to its back side. Find the center and mark out the dimensions for the opening. Draw straight, light pencil lines using your ruler or T-square to ensure even and aligned borders. Double-check the math to confirm the image will be centered and well-positioned.

Cut the Mat Opening

Step 1: Set Up the Cutter

Set your cutter blade to just slightly deeper than the thickness of the mat board. Position your straightedge along one of the cut lines. Make sure everything is secure and on a stable surface before you start cutting.

Step 2: Make the Cuts

Insert the blade at the start of one pencil line and draw it steadily along the edge. Apply even pressure to avoid jagged or uneven cuts. Turn the mat and repeat for the remaining three sides, keeping your motion smooth and consistent.

Step 3: Clean the Edges

After cutting all four sides, gently remove the center section. Check the opening from the front and use a utility knife to clean up any rough edges or corners. Place the mat over your artwork to test the fit.

Attach the Artwork to the Mat

Step 1: Align the Artwork

Lay the mat face down and position your image behind the window. Make sure the image is centered and straight when viewed from the front.

Step 2: Tape the Artwork

Attach the artwork to the mat using a "hinge" technique with acid-free tape. Only tape the top edge to allow the image to move slightly with changes in humidity. This prevents buckling and keeps the image flat over time.

Assemble the Frame

Step 1: Clean the Glass

Use a lint-free cloth and glass cleaner to remove fingerprints and dust from the inside of the frame glass. Clean glass enhances the presentation and avoids distractions.

Step 2: Insert the Matted Artwork

Place the matted image inside the frame with the artwork facing out. Make sure it fits snugly and sits flat against the backing.

Step 3: Secure the Backing

Insert the backing board and close the frame using its clips or tabs. If your frame lacks built-in fasteners, use frame clips to hold everything in place.

Step 4: Add Hanging Hardware

Install appropriate hanging hardware if it isn’t already attached. For small frames, a sawtooth hanger is usually enough. For larger or heavier pieces, use D-rings and wire for extra stability.

Final Thoughts

Learning to cut a mat for your picture frames gives you full creative control over how your artwork is displayed. It also offers a satisfying DIY experience and saves money on professional framing. While it requires attention to detail, the process is straightforward and highly rewarding.

A custom-cut mat enhances your image by adding depth and focus while protecting it from damage. With the right tools and a bit of practice, you can create professional-looking frames that showcase your artwork beautifully. So take your time, measure carefully and enjoy the process of transforming your favorite pieces into framed masterpieces.