How to Make a Picture Frame: Step-by-Step Guide

Creating a picture frame from scratch is a rewarding DIY project that combines precision, creativity and function. Whether you're framing a personal photo, art print or poster, building the frame yourself gives you full control over its size, style and finish. With just a few tools and some attention to detail, you can make a high-quality custom frame that complements any wall or space. This step-by-step guide walks you through the process from measuring to mounting, with tips to ensure your frame looks clean and professional.

Tools and Materials You’ll Need

To build a picture frame, you'll need both cutting and assembly tools, as well as materials for the frame body and backing. While a power miter saw makes the job faster, you can also use a manual miter box and handsaw if you're working with limited equipment.

Essential Tools:

• Measuring tape or ruler for accurate dimensions

• Miter saw or miter box to cut precise 45-degree angles

• Wood glue for bonding the corners

• Clamps (corner clamps or strap clamps) to hold joints in place during drying

• Sandpaper or sanding block to smooth surfaces and edges

• Hammer and finishing nails or a brad nailer for reinforcement

• Paintbrush or cloth if you plan to stain or finish the frame

Materials Required:

• Four wooden strips, typically hardwood or softwood molding

• Glass or acrylic panel for artwork protection

• Backing board made of MDF, cardboard or foam core

• Hanging hardware such as sawtooth hangers, D-rings or wire

• Wood stain, paint or clear sealant (optional for the final finish)

Preparing all materials before you begin will save time and ensure a smooth workflow.

Step 1: Measure Your Artwork or Photo

The first step in making a picture frame is determining the exact size you need. Measure the height and width of the photo, print or artwork you plan to frame. If you're using a mat, be sure to include its outer dimensions, not just the size of the image.

To ensure a proper fit, add approximately 1/8 inch to both the width and height. This small allowance gives enough space for the artwork to slide into the frame without forcing or bending the edges. Write down the final measurements—these numbers will determine the inside edges of your frame and how you’ll cut your wood.

Step 2: Cut the Frame Pieces at 45-Degree Angles

Using a miter saw or miter box, cut four wooden strips to form the frame. Each end should be cut at a 45-degree angle so the pieces join cleanly at the corners.

Cut two pieces for the horizontal sections (top and bottom) and two for the vertical sections (sides). Make sure the inside length of each piece matches the measurements from Step 1. When laying out the pieces, the angles should form a square or rectangle when dry-fit together. Take your time during this step—precision cuts are key to a clean, professional look.

Before proceeding, dry-fit all four pieces to ensure tight joints with no gaps. If any adjustments are needed, trim or sand the edges until everything fits seamlessly.

Step 3: Assemble the Frame

After confirming that all four pieces fit together properly, apply a thin, even layer of wood glue to each mitered edge. Carefully join the corners together, forming a rectangle or square based on your artwork’s shape.

Use corner clamps, a strap clamp or band clamp to hold the frame tightly while the glue dries. Make sure the corners are aligned correctly and adjust as needed before the glue sets. Allow the frame to dry for at least 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the glue’s instructions.

For added strength, reinforce each corner with small brad nails or staples once the glue has dried. Drive the nails in at an angle or use a nail gun if available. This will keep the frame stable over time, especially for larger or heavier pieces.

Step 4: Sand and Finish the Frame

Once the frame is fully assembled and dry, sand down all edges, corners and surfaces. Focus on the mitered joints to remove any glue residue or sharp corners. Start with a medium-grit sandpaper (such as 120 grit) and finish with a finer grit (around 220 grit) for a smooth surface.

If you’re planning to paint or stain the frame, now is the time. Wipe off any dust with a clean cloth, then apply your chosen finish in even coats. Stain should be applied with a cloth or foam brush, while paint works well with a small angled brush. Allow each coat to dry fully before applying a second coat or sealing with a clear topcoat.

Finishing the frame not only improves its appearance but also protects the wood from moisture and wear over time.

Step 5: Insert Glass, Artwork and Backing

Place the frame face down on a clean, flat surface. If you’re using glass or acrylic, insert it first so it rests flush against the inside of the frame. Carefully lay your artwork or photo on top of the glass. Align it properly, especially if you’re using a mat.

Next, cut a backing board to match the inside dimensions of the frame. Place the board over the artwork to hold everything in place. You can secure the backing with small nails, glazier points or flexible tabs designed for picture frames.

Make sure everything fits snugly without excessive force. A tight fit will keep the contents secure while allowing for easy removal if needed later.

Step 6: Attach Hanging Hardware

With the frame fully assembled and the artwork secured, it’s time to install the hanging hardware. Choose hardware based on the frame’s size and weight.

For small to medium frames, a single sawtooth hanger centered at the top of the back is sufficient. For larger or heavier frames, use two D-rings on the vertical sides, connected by picture wire. Measure carefully to ensure the hardware is level and properly placed.

Use screws, nails or a staple gun to attach the hardware securely. Once installed, the frame is ready to hang.

Final Check

Before hanging your frame, inspect the entire piece to ensure everything is aligned and secure. Check that the corners are flush, the finish is smooth and the contents are centered and clean. Test the stability of the backing and hardware. If any part feels loose or uneven, make adjustments now rather than later.

A well-made picture frame should be both functional and attractive—enhancing the artwork while blending into your décor.

Conclusion

Making your own picture frame is a practical and rewarding DIY project. With basic tools and careful measurements, you can create a custom frame that looks professional and lasts for years. From choosing the wood to finishing the surface, each step gives you more control over the final look and quality.

Whether you’re framing a photo, a print or your own artwork, building the frame yourself adds a level of satisfaction you won’t get from store-bought options. And as your skills improve, you can experiment with more complex styles, materials and finishes to match any space or style.